1.What is Salesforce Apex Programming Language? Apex is Salesforce’s proprietary programming language designed to execute transactional and complex business logic directly on Salesforce servers. It supports Object-Oriented Programming principles, runs in a multitenant environment, and is optimized for the Salesforce CRM platform.
- Key Features:
▪ Built-in DML (Data Manipulation Language) for database operations.
▪ Supports exception handling and bulk operations.
▪ Provides SOQL and SOSL for querying Salesforce data.
▪ Syntax is similar to Java, enabling faster adoption by develop
2. What are the features of Salesforce Apex Programming?
- Built-in SOQL and SOSL support for efficient querying.
- Automatic record locking to prevent data conflicts.
- Metadata-driven storage of code.
- Support for asynchronous processes such as Batch Apex and Queueable Apex.
- Integrated unit testing and test execution tools.
- Used for complex business validations, triggers, and web services.
3. How many ways can we write Apex Programming? Salesforce provides multiple ways to write Apex code:
- Standard Navigation: Using the setup menu to access Apex classes.
- Developer Console: A powerful IDE for creating and debugging Apex code.
- Execute Anonymous Window: For testing and executing one-time scripts.
- External IDEs: Tools like Visual Studio Code with Salesforce extensions.
4. How many ways can we execute Apex code? Apex code can be executed in the following ways:
- Execute Anonymous Window in Developer Console.
- Triggers associated with DML operations.
- Visualforce pages or Lightning components.
- Batch Apex for large-scale operations.
- Scheduled Apex for periodic tasks.
- Email services for handling incoming emails.
- API/web services for external integrations.
5. What are the different datatypes available in Apex?
- Primitive Datatypes: Integer, Long, String, Decimal, Double, Boolean, Date, DateTime, ID, Blob.
- SObject Datatypes: Account, Contact, Lead, Opportunity, Case, and custom objects like Position__c.
6. What is a Class in Apex? A class in Apex is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It contains variables, methods, constructors, and other structures to dene behavior and attributes.
- Classes achieve encapsulation by grouping related data and functions.
- Must be compiled and stored in the Salesforce Metadata repository.
7. What is an Object in Apex? An object is an instance of a class that allows access to its variables and methods. Each object has its own memory location and unique identity.
- Objects hold values for class members.
- Multiple objects can be created from a single class.
8. Explain the concept of Encapsulation. Encapsulation is the process of binding data and methods together into a single unit, typically a class. It ensures that the data is hidden and accessed only through predefined methods, providing security and modularity.
9. What is Polymorphism? Polymorphism allows a single action to be performed in different ways. In Apex, it is achieved through:
- Method Overloading: Multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
- Method Overriding: Redefining a parent class method in a child class.
10. What is Inheritance? Inheritance allows a child class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class, promoting code reusability and enabling polymorphism.
- Parent class: Base or super class.
- Child class: Derived class that extends the parent class.
11. What is Abstraction? Abstraction is the concept of hiding internal implementation details and exposing only essential features.
- Achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.
- Keywords: private, protected, public, global to control access levels.
12. What is the “this” keyword? The this keyword refers to the current instance of a class, differentiating between class variables and method parameters with the same name.
13. What is the “final” keyword?
- Declaring a variable as final prevents its value from being modified.
- Declaring a class as final prevents it from being inherited.
- Methods marked as final cannot be overridden in child classes.
14. What is the “super” keyword? The super keyword is used in child classes to refer to methods or constructors of the parent class. It is essential for method overriding and extending constructors.
15. Explain the purpose of the “virtual” keyword.
- Declares a class or method as extensible.
- Virtual classes allow extensions and overrides but cannot be global.
16. What is an Abstract Class in Apex? An abstract class contains methods without implementation. These methods must be implemented in derived classes. Abstract classes are declared using the abstract keyword.
17. What are “With Sharing” and “Without Sharing” classes?
- With Sharing: Enforces the current user’s sharing rules.
- Without Sharing: Executes in system mode, bypassing sharing rules and security.
18. What is an Interface? An interface denes a contract that implementing classes must fulfill by providing implementations for all its methods. Interfaces cannot have implemented methods or variables.
19. What is the difference between Static and Non-Static variables?
- Static Variables:
▪ Shared across all instances of a class.
▪ Memory is allocated only once.
▪ Commonly used for counters or shared state. - Non-Static Variables:
▪ Unique to each instance of a class.
▪ Memory is allocated with each object.
20. What is Batch Apex? Batch Apex processes large volumes of data by breaking them into manageable chunks. It uses three methods:
- start: Prepares data for processing.
- execute: Processes each batch.
- finish: Performs post-processing tasks like notifications.
21. What is a Trigger in Salesforce? A trigger is a piece of Apex code executed before or after DML operations on a Salesforce object. Common events include:
- Before Insert: Perform validations before saving a record.
- After Insert: Execute actions after records are committed to the database.
22. What are Governor Limits in Salesforce? Governor Limits are Salesforce’s way of ensuring efficient resource usage in a multitenant environment. Key limits include:
- Maximum SOQL queries per transaction: 100.
- Maximum DML statements per transaction: 150.
23. Explain the use of Test Classes in Apex. Test classes validate the functionality of Apex code by simulating user actions and database operations. Salesforce requires 75% code coverage for deploying to production.
24. What are Platform Events? Platform Events enable real-time event-driven integrations between Salesforce and external systems. Key features:
- Publish and subscribe model.
- Integration with Process Builder and Flows.
- Supports high-volume event processing.
25. What is Salesforce Connect? Salesforce Connect allows seamless integration with external systems by enabling real-time access to external data without duplicating it in Salesforce. External objects represent data stored outside Sales